Description

NSG 6101 FINAL EXAMS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2023-2024 What does PICO stand for? P = population/patient I = intervention/exposure (new/questioning text) C = comparison (known effective treatment) O = outcome 4 steps to EBP 1. Ask (PICO) 2. Acquire (find evidence) 3. Appraise (hierarchy pyramid of evidence) 4. Apply Hierarchy pyramid of evidence (weakest) Laboratory studies - In Vito "tube test" research Comparative animal research Expert opinion - ideas, editorials, opinion (textbook) Hierarchy pyramid of evidence (observational studies ranked) Weakest: Single case reports Case studies (more than one) Strongest ranking: OAR 1. Cohort study - follow a group of animals and unknown if sick or not. (No bias) 2. Case-control study - take sick animal and control (not sick) then gather into 3. Cross-sectional study - intervention what happened (single day) Hierarchy pyramid of evidence (strongest evidence) Strongest: Meta-analysis = find new data and summaries Systematic review = find all studies that are relevant. Collaborate everything other. Randomized control trail = experimental stud. Intervention is assigned by researcher SMART goals Specific Measurable Actionable-orientated Realistic Time-constrained