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NEW BIO251 - EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADE A+ 3 main process of DNA replication - -answer-- initiation - elongation - termination Central Dogma - -answer-DNA -> RNA -> Protein The process by which DNA is used to encode proteins what some of the characteristics of transcription/RNA - - answer-- Only specific regions are copies - RNA strands are produced, which do not bind with the DNA (exist as single strands) - No proofreading what are the 5 steps in transcription - -answer-Step 1: RNA polymerase binds to the promoter (a regulatory region directly upstream of the gene) and initiates DNA unraveling Step 2 : RNA polymerase facilitates the assembly of free ribonucleotides into chains of RNA, using the DNA as a template Step 3: The RNA polymerase continues along the gene adding to the RNA chain, which does not permanently pair with the DNA, but exists as a single strand Step 4: RNA synthesis continues until the RNA polymerase encounters a specific region of DNA known as a terminator Step 5: Once the terminator is reached, the RNA polymerase stalls and a rho termination protein facilitates the RNA polymerase and RNA strand to disassociate from the DNA The DNA is re-wound and the RNA is free to go on to the next step name for groups of 3 base pairs of the mRNA - -answer-codons how many codons are non-coding or stop codons? - -answer-3 are non-coding or stop codons only 61 of the 64 encode amino acids which molecule can bind both RNA and amino acids - -answerT-RNA group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon - -answer-Anticodon t-RNA is considered to be "charged" - -answer-when an amino acid is bound to t-RNA how many different t-RNA there are - -answer-64, one for each codon the study of how the heredity material (DNA and RNA) is transferred. - -answer-genetics all genetic material in a cell - -answer-genome what is the sub division of genome - -answer-- chromosome - plasmid what is the sub division of chromosomes - -answer-genes (coding region) non-coding region